2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") and reflect all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, needed to fairly present the financial results for these periods. The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes are presented as permitted by Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been omitted. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements for the years ended May 31, 2011 and 2010 and notes thereto in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2011, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 3, 2011. Operating results for the three and six months ended November 30, 2011 and 2010 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year. In the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of (a) the results of operations for the three and six month periods ended November 30, 2011 and 2010 and the period October 28, 2003 through November 30, 2011, (b) the financial position at November 30, 2011, and (c) cash flows for the six month periods ended November 30, 2011 and 2010 and the period October 28, 2003 through November 30, have been made.

 

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CytoDyn Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries; AGTI and CVM. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts shown in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2011 presentation. These reclassifications did not have any effect on total current assets, total assets, total current liabilities, total liabilities, total shareholders' deficit, or net loss.

Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As shown in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is currently in the development stage with losses for all periods presented. The Company incurred a net loss of $2,664,188 for the six months ended November 30, 2011, has an accumulated deficit of $19,624,482, and a working capital deficit of $5,727,749 as of November 30, 2011. As of January 14, 2012, these factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability of assets and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The Company's continuation as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional operating capital, complete development of its medical treatment, obtain U.S. Food & Drug Administration (the "FDA") approval, outsource manufacturing of the treatment, and ultimately to attain profitability. The Company intends to seek additional funding through equity offerings to fund its business plan. There is no assurance that the Company will be successful in these endeavors.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of November 30, 2011 or May 31, 2011. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at financial institutions, and, at times, balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances. All of the Company's non-interest bearing cash balances were fully insured at November 30, 2011 due to a temporary federal program in effect from December 31, 2010 through December 31, 2012. Under the program, there is no limit to the amount of insurance for eligible accounts. Beginning 2013, insurance coverage will revert to $250,000 per depositor at each financial institution, and our non-interest bearing cash balances may again exceed federally insured limits.

As of November 30, 2011, the Company received a total of $1,425,000 in cash related to deposits received from common stock purchases as compared to $1,035,000 as of May 31, 2011. These amounts have been recorded as liabilities for the respective periods. These deposits were received by the Company from prospective investors (the "Prospective Investors") after the Company made an announcement on February 18, 2011 related to its potential rescission and other liabilities to investors who had made investments in the Company during the period beginning on April 15, 2008 and ending on February 18, 2011. Subsequent to November 30, 2011, the Company sent confirmations to the Prospective Investors asking them to either confirm their investment in the Company or request that their deposit be returned to them. As discussed in Note 8, the Company received confirmations for $665,000 of the $1,425,000 in cash deposits. As of November 30, 2011, the $665,000 is shown as a long-term liability, as this amount will be recorded as a component of equity upon the signing of the confirmations by the Prospective Investors.

 

Furniture and Equipment

Furniture and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally three to seven years. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and major improvements or betterments are capitalized. Gains or losses on sales or retirements are included in the consolidated statements of operations in the year of disposition.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets under U.S. GAAP, which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets' carrying amount. If such assets are impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying value or fair value, less costs to sell. There were no impairment charges for the three and six months ended November 30, 2011 and 2010, and for the period October 28, 2003 through November 30, 2011.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Financial Instruments

At November 30, 2011 and May 31, 2011 the carrying value of the Company's financial instruments approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of the instruments. The Company's notes payable have market rates of interest, and accordingly, the carrying values of the notes approximates the fair value.

Stock-Based Compensation

U.S. GAAP requires companies to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for the award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant. The expense is to be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award (requisite service period).

The Company accounts for common stock options, and common stock warrants granted based on the fair market value of the instrument using the Black-Scholes option pricing model utilizing certain weighted average assumptions such as expected stock price volatility, term of the options and warrants, risk-free interest rates, and expected dividend yield at the grant date. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates appropriate for the expected term of the stock options. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's common stock at consistent intervals. The Company has not paid any dividends on its common stock since its inception and does not anticipate paying dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. The computation of the expected option term is based on the "simplified method" as the Company's stock options are "plain vanilla" options and the Company has a limited history of exercise data. For common stock options and warrants with graded vesting, the Company recognizes the related compensation costs associated with these options and warrants on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

U.S. GAAP requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Based on limited historical experience of forfeitures, the Company estimated future unvested option forfeitures at 0% for all periods presented.

Deferred Offering Costs

In connection with a stock rescission liability as discussed at Note 3, the Company has recorded approximately $710,000 and $876,000 in deferred offering costs as of November 30, 2011 and May 31, 2011, respectively. These deferred offering costs have been recorded as a current asset for the respective periods. The asset will be offset against equity, and reduce equity in the period the investors described in Note 3 do not accept the rescission right and keep their shares. Conversely, if the investors accept the rescission right and forfeit their shares, the deferred offering costs will be expensed at that time.

 

Stock for Services

The Company issues common stock, warrants and common stock options to consultants for various services. Costs for these transactions are measured at the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The value of the common stock is measured at the earlier of (i) the date at which a firm commitment for performance by the counterparty to earn the equity instruments is reached or (ii) the date at which the counterparty's performance is complete.

Loss Per Common Share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average common shares and potentially dilutive common share equivalents. The effects of potential common stock equivalents are not included in computations when their effect is anti-dilutive. Because of the net losses for all periods presented, the basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding are the same since including the additional shares would have an anti-dilutive effect on the loss per share calculation. Common stock option and warrants to purchase 7,948,076 and 7,374,176 shares of common stock were not included in the computation of basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for the three and six months ended November 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, as inclusion would be anti-dilutive for these periods. Additionally as of November 30, 2011, 311,800 shares of Series B convertible stock can potentially convert into 3,118,000 shares of common stock, and 1,425,000 shares of common stock will be issued related to deposits on common stock purchases if the Company is confirmed to do so by the Prospective Investors.

Income Taxes

Deferred taxes are provided on the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Future tax benefits for net operating loss carryforwards are recognized to the extent that realization of these benefits is considered more likely than not. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC 740-10 "Uncertainty in Income Taxes" (ASC 740-10). A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits has not been provided since there are no unrecognized benefits at May 31, 2011 or 2010 and since the date of adoption. The Company has not recognized interest expense or penalties as a result of the implementation of ASC 740-10. If there were an unrecognized tax benefit, the Company would recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefit in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. The Company is subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state tax authorities for tax years ending after 2007.